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Mainly answer questions that have definitions everything else you don’t have to worry about.
Ex. 1: Microscopy and measurement
1. Know the two types of light microscopes used in this laboratory and know when you would use each type.
2. Be able to identify the parts of the microscope and give the function of each.
3. Be able to calculate total magnification.
4. Know what happens to the field of view as magnification increases/decreases.
Ex. 2: Introduction to the Plant Kingdom
1. Know the characteristics of the plant kingdom and the plant life cycle. Be able to identify any plant that you observed in any exercise as a sporophyte or gametophyte.
2. Know how the life cycles of Fast Plants and C-ferns differ.
3. For the Fast Plants, know the following: background information, timing of important events in the life cycle, flower and seedling anatomy, pollination requirements.
4. For the C-ferns, know the following: background information, timing of important events in the life cycle, appearance of sporophyte vs. gametophyte.
Ex. 3: Seedless plants
1. Know the characteristics of each of the seedless plant divisions that we observed in this lab.
2. Be able to identify a true moss, true fern, whisk fern, horse tail, and club moss. (Know the scientific classification of these plants as well.)
3. Be able to identify a male or female C-fern gametophyte. Know how the sex of the gametophyte is determined and how the sperm finds the egg.
4. Be able to recognize and know the function of any structure that you labeled on you drawings.
Ex. 4: Seed plants
1. Know the characteristics of each of the seed plant divisions that we observed in this lab.
2. Be able to identify a conifer, ginko, cycad, and flowering plant (monocot or dicot). (Know the scientific classification of these plants as well.)
3. Be able to identify male, immature female, and mature female pine cones.
4. Be able to identify the parts of a typical flower.
5. Be able to recognize and know the function of any structure that you labeled on you drawings.
Ex. 6: Cellular structure and function
1. Be able to distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
2. Be able to recognize onion cells, cheek cells, Anabaena cells, or Elodea cells. Identify and give functions for any structures that you labeled on your drawings.
3. Be able to identify and know the functions of the organelles represented on the plant cell model.
Ex. 7: Osmosis
1. Know the definitions for diffusion, osmosis, tonicity, hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic, plasmolysis, turgor pressure.
2. If you are given the descriiption of an experiment, be able to identify the dependent and independent variables.
3. Be able to interpret the graphs that were produced during this experiment. From a data graph, you should be able to determine the isotonic point of the tissue being tested, determine the tonicity of a solution compared to the tissue being tested, and predict the turgor status of a tissue sample in different salt concentrations.
4. Be able to recognize the effect of a hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic solution on potato cylinders based on tissue rigidity. You should also be able to recognize this under the microscope with Elodea cells.
Ex. 8: Plant cells and tissues
1. Know the four major categories of plant tissues, the specific tissues in each category, the general function of each tissue, and where it would be located in the plant.
2. Know the different kinds of cells that compose each plant tissue.
3. Under the microscope, be able to recognize the tissues and cells that you looked at using prepared and fresh slides. Be able to identify and give functions for any structures you labeled.
Ex. 9: Stem and root structure
1. Be able to identify and give functions for the parts of the shoot system on a mature plant.
2. Be able to identify and give functions for the parts of the root system on a germinated seed.
3. Be able to distinguish between root and stem cross-sections. For both stems and roots, be able to distinguish between monocot and dicot. Identify and give functions for any structures or cells that you labeled.
Ex. 10: Leaves
1. Know the parts of a leaf and be able to differentiate between simple, pinnately compound, and palmately compound leaves.
2. Be able to distinguish between mesophyte, hydrophyte, and xerophyte leaf cross-sections. Understand how each of these types is adapted to its environment. Identify and give functions for any structures you labeled.
Ex. 11: Woody stems
1. Know what secondary growth is, what tissues are responsible for it, and be able to recognize secondary growth in a woody stem cross-section. Be able to distinguish between stem cross-sections showing secondary growth and those showing only primary growth. Identify any structures that you labeled.
2. Know what tissues compose wood and bark. Know what composes annual rings and why they appear the way they do. Be able to identify the annual rings, spring wood, and summer wood.
3. Be able to determine the age of a winter twig. Identify and give functions for the indicated structures. Please use your drawings as well as review the material in the lab manual.
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