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ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
This is the second half of your D.A. essay, 1 & 1/2 pages, worth 50 points. Just add your reflections on duty and virtue to what you’ve already done with the modern ethical theories, and post the whole thing in the assignment box.
Don’t hesitate to make value judgments about the value judgments we have been considering. In other words, if you think one of the four ethical theories we have been discussing is better or worse than the others, feel free to say so. Give examples and explain your reasoning. Don’t forget to cite Pojman when he’s relevant.
HOW TO WORK ON THIS ASSIGNMENT (EXAMPLE DRAFT/ESSAY)
Duty and virtue ethics are two other ethical frameworks that can be used to analyze moral issues. Duty ethics is based on the idea that certain actions, regardless of their consequences, are inherently right or wrong. Virtue ethics, on the other hand, emphasizes the development of virtuous character traits such as courage, honesty, and kindness, as well as the importance of acting in accordance with these traits.
In the case of the trolley problem, duty ethics would likely dictate that the person in control of the lever has a duty to minimize harm, even if that means willingly sacrificing one life to save many others. In contrast, virtue ethics would focus on the decision-character maker’s and motivations for their actions. A virtuous person may prefer to sacrifice themselves rather than choose to harm another person, regardless of the consequences.
It could be argued that virtue ethics complements consequentialism and deontology in terms of modern ethical theories. The importance of outcomes is emphasized by consequentialism, whereas moral rules and duties are emphasized by deontology. In contrast, virtue ethics emphasizes the importance of cultivating virtuous character traits. A virtuous person is more likely to make decisions that adhere to deontology’s moral rules and duties while also considering the potential outcomes of consequentialism.
According to Pojman’s analysis, duty ethics is closely related to the deontological perspective he describes. Pojman contends that moral duties exist independently of our subjective preferences and that we must act in accordance with these duties. Pojman contends that virtue ethics can be grounded in duty ethics because it emphasizes the importance of character and the cultivation of virtues.
Overall, each of these ethical frameworks offers a distinct viewpoint on moral decision-making. While consequentialism focuses on outcomes, deontology focuses on duties and rules, virtue ethics focuses on character and virtue cultivation, and duty ethics focuses on inherent rightness or wrongness. When analyzing moral issues, it is critical to consider each of these frameworks because they can provide valuable insights into the complexities of moral decision-making.
It is difficult to say that one ethical theory is inherently better or worse than another in terms of value judgments. Each theory has advantages and disadvantages and can be useful in different situations. A comprehensive ethical framework, on the other hand, could be argued to take into account all of these perspectives and strive to balance the importance of outcomes, duties, character, and inherent rightness or wrongness in moral decision-making.
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